Genetic recurrence and molecular markers of dyslexia in the Brazilian population

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate genetic recurrence and molecular markers for dyslexia in two candidate genes in the Brazilian population. Methods: a cross-sectional, case-control, observational study, with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied in DYX1C1 and KIAA0319 genes in 86 subjects with dyslexia and 66 controls, matched for gender and age. SNPs were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction technique in real time, and distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies between the groups was analyzed. Results: it was determined that 68% of the subjects with dyslexia present a family history of learning difficulties. The DYX1C1 gene did not demonstrate an association with dyslexia, which was found regarding the rs9461045 marker of the KIAA0319 gene. Conclusion: a family history of learning problems was present in more than two-thirds of the group with dyslexia, indicating that this is an important risk factor. An association with dyslexia in the rs9461045 marker was noted, making the study the first one to show an association of the KIAA0319 gene with dyslexia, in Latin America.

Resultados de las técnicas blanqueadoras mixta e inmediata para el blanqueamiento de dientes tratados endodónticamente - reportes de casos / O resultado das técnicas clareadoras mista e imediata para o clareamento de dentes tratados endodonticamente - relatos de casos / Results of mixed and immediate bleaching techniques for bleaching endodontically treated teeth - case reports

Resumen Introducción: El oscurecimiento de un diente anterior interfiere negativamente en el aspecto de la sonrisa, y varias son las causas que pueden ser responsables por este oscurecimiento. Objetivo: Describir las técnicas de blanqueamiento mixto e inmediato a través del reporte de dos casos clínicos. Caso 1: Individuo de sexo masculino, con Síndrome de Treacher Collins, se quejó sobre alteración cromática del diente 33, verificada mediante examen clínico, radiográficamente presencia de tratamiento endodóntico satisfactorio. Por lo que fue planeado el blanqueamiento interno mediante técnica mixta. Caso 2: Individuo de sexo masculino, con Síndrome de Apert reportó cambio cromático en el diente 22, observado en el examen clínico, radiográficamente presentando tratamiento endodóntico insatisfactorio. Se realizó retratamiento endodóntico y a los 6 meses se realizó blanqueamiento interno mediante técnica inmediata. Conclusión: El blanqueamiento dental ejecutado con las técnicas mixtas e inmediatas, devuelve la armonía de la sonrisa, recuperando el color ideal y elevando la autoestima a los pacientes.

Resumo Introdução: O escurecimento de um dente anterior interfere negativamente na aparência do sorriso, e várias são as causas que podem ser responsáveis por esse escurecimento. Objetivo: Descrever as técnicas clareadoras mista e imediata através do relato de dois casos clínicos. Caso 1: Indivíduo do gênero masculino com Síndrome de Treacher Collins, queixou-se de alteração cromática no dente 33, constatado no exame clínico, radiograficamente apresentando tratamento endodôntico satisfatório. O clareamento interno foi planejado e realizado pela técnica mista. Caso 2: Indivíduo do gênero masculino, com Síndrome de Apert, relatou alteração cromática no dente 22, constatado ao exame clínico, apresentando tratamento endodôntico insatisfatório. Foi realizada a reintervenção endodôntica e após 6 meses, foi realizado clareamento interno pela técnica imediata. Conclusão: O uso das técnicas clareadoras mista e imediata, resulta na devolução da harmonia do sorriso, recuperando a coloração ideal e devolvendo a autoestima aos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction: The darkening of a single anterior tooth negatively affects the smile's appearance, and several factors may cause this darkening. Objective: To describe the mixed and immediate bleaching techniques by reporting two clinical cases. Case 1: A male individual with Treacher Collins Syndrome. He complained of chromatic alteration in tooth 33, which was verified on clinical examination. X-ray imaging showed satisfactory endodontic treatment. Internal bleaching was performed with the mixed technique. Case 2: A male individual with Apert Syndrome reported chromatic alteration in tooth 22, observed on clinical examination. X-ray imaging showed unsatisfactory endodontic treatment. Endodontic retreatment was performed. Six months later, internal whitening was performed immediately. Conclusion: The use of mixed and immediate whitening techniques restores the smile's harmony, the tooth's ideal color, and patients' self-esteem.

The 100 most-cited papers in oral medicine and pathology

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers in the field of oral medicine and pathology over time, identifying the areas of more intense research. Papers in journals of oral medicine and pathology were identified using the Web of Science database. The specified research period was between 1900 and 2019. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among Web of Science citations, Dimensions citations, and Altmetric Attention Score. The number of citations of an article in the top 100 most-cited papers published in 1953 or later ranged from 541 to 3623. The papers were published in 47 different journals. The New England Journal of Medicine, American Cancer Society, and Nature Genetics published the most papers. Authors from 18 different countries published papers on head and neck cancer, craniofacial congenital anomalies, and osteonecrosis. Most of the papers were laboratory and descriptive studies. A correlation analysis showed a strong correlation only between Web of Science and Dimensions citations. In sum, although non-specific journals for pathology and oral medicine published the majority of the 100 most-cited papers, this biometric citation study show that head and neck cancer was the issue with the most citations. Together, these results make an important scientific contribution by providing a historical perspective on the research carried out.

Recuperação da coloração de dentes tratados endodonticamente através das técnicas clareadoras imediata e mista / Normal coloration recovery of endodontically treated teeth through immediate and mixed bleaching techniques

Introduction: chromatic alterations in devitalized teeth are not rare, being a common cause of aesthetic dissatisfaction on the part of the patient. In endodontically treated teeth that present chromatic alterations, the endodontist should select the whitening agent and the most prudent technique for the resolution of each case. Objective: to emphasize, through the report of two clinical cases, that internal bleaching techniques, whether immediate or mixed, can achieve success when indicated and performed correctly. Case reports: Case 1 - Female subject with incomplete labiopalatine fissure reported a complaint of chromatic alteration in the crown of the tooth 22, found on clinical examination presenting unsatisfactory endodontic treatment. Endodontic reintervention was successfully performed through 2 years of proservation and internal bleaching was performed through the immediate bleaching technique. Case 2 - Male subject with complete unilateral left cleft lip and palate and a history of endodontic treatment in the dental element 21 which presented yellowish staining, internal bleaching was performed by the mixed technique. In both cases, results were successful. Final considerations: bleaching in devitalized teeth using the immediate and mixed whitening techniques recovered the ideal coloration of the dental elements.Introdução: alterações cromáticas em dentes desvitalizados não são raras, sendo motivo comum de insatisfação estética por parte do paciente. Diante do dente tratado endodonticamente que apresenta alteração cromática, o endodontista deve eleger o agente clareador e a técnica mais prudente para resolução de cada caso. Objetivo: enfatizar, através do relato de dois casos clínicos, que as técnicas de clareamento interno, independente se imediata ou mista, podem alcançar o sucesso quando indicadas e realizadas corretamente. Re lato de casos: Caso 1 - indivíduo do gênero feminino com fissura labiopalatina incompleta relatou queixa de alteração cromática na coroa do dente 22, constatado ao exame clínico apresentando tratamento endodôntico insatisfatório. A reintervenção endodôntica foi realizada com sucesso comprovada por meio de proservação durante 2 anos e o clareamento interno foi realizado através da técnica clareadora imediata. Caso 2 - Indivíduo do gênero masculino com fissura labiopalatina completa unilateral esquerda e histórico de tratamento endodôntico no elemento dentário 21 que apresentava coloração amarelada realizou-se o clareamento interno pela técnica mista. Em ambos os casos, o sucesso foi alcançado. Considerações finais: o clareamento em dentes desvitalizados valendo-se da utilização das técnicas clareadoras imediata e mista recuperou a coloração ideal dos elementos dentários.

Human DNA extraction from whole saliva that was fresh or stored for 3, 6 or 12 months using five different protocols

Abstract Saliva when compared to blood collection has the following advantages: it requires no specialized personnel for collection, allows for remote collection by the patient, is painless, well accepted by participants, has decreased risks of disease transmission, does not clot, can be frozen before DNA extraction and possibly has a longer storage time. Objective and Material and Methods This study aimed to compare the quantity and quality of human DNA extracted from saliva that was fresh or frozen for three, six and twelve months using five different DNA extraction protocols: protocol 1 – Oragene™ commercial kit, protocol 2 – QIAamp DNA mini kit, protocol 3 – DNA extraction using ammonium acetate, protocol 4 – Instagene™ Matrix and protocol 5 – Instagene™ Matrix diluted 1:1 using proteinase K and 1% SDS. Briefly, DNA was analyzed using spectrophotometry, electrophoresis and PCR. Results Results indicated that time spent in storage typically decreased the DNA quantity with the exception of protocol 1. The purity of DNA was generally not affected by storage times for the commercial based protocols, while the purity of the DNA samples extracted by the noncommercial protocols typically decreased when the saliva was stored longer. Only protocol 1 consistently extracted unfragmented DNA samples. In general, DNA samples extracted through protocols 1, 2, 3 and 4, regardless of storage time, were amplified by human specific primers whereas protocol 5 produced almost no samples that were able to be amplified by human specific primers. Depending on the protocol used, it was possible to extract DNA in high quantities and of good quality using whole saliva, and furthermore, for the purposes of DNA extraction, saliva can be reliably stored for relatively long time periods. Conclusions In summary, a complicated picture emerges when taking into account the extracted DNA’s quantity, purity and quality; depending on a given researchers needs, one protocol’s particular strengths and costs might be the deciding factor for its employment.

Risk of developing palatally displaced canines in patients with early detectable dental anomalies: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT The early recognition of risk factors for the occurrence of palatally displaced canines (PDC) can increase the possibility of impaction prevention. Objective To estimate the risk of PDC occurrence in children with dental anomalies identified early during mixed dentition. Material and Methods The sample comprised 730 longitudinal orthodontic records from children (448 females and 282 males) with an initial mean age of 8.3 years (SD=1.36). The dental anomaly group (DA) included 263 records of patients with at least one dental anomaly identified in the initial or middle mixed dentition. The non-dental anomaly group (NDA) was composed of 467 records of patients with no dental anomalies. The occurrence of PDC in both groups was diagnosed using panoramic and periapical radiographs taken in the late mixed dentition or early permanent dentition. The prevalence of PDC in patients with and without early diagnosed dental anomalies was compared using the chi-square test (p<0.01), relative risk assessments (RR), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). Results PDC frequency was 16.35% and 6.2% in DA and NDA groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups (p<0.01), with greater risk of PDC development in the DA group (RR=2.63). The PPV and NPV was 16% and 93%, respectively. Small maxillary lateral incisors, deciduous molar infraocclusion, and mandibular second premolar distoangulation were associated with PDC. Conclusion Children with dental anomalies diagnosed during early mixed dentition have an approximately two and a half fold increased risk of developing PDC during late mixed dentition compared with children without dental anomalies.

Actividad antimicrobiana y biocompatibilidad de los cementos endodónticos a base de hidróxido de calcio / Antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers

Uno de los objetivos de la endodoncia es la eliminación de los microorganismos de la endodoncia es la eliminación de los microorganismos y la prevención de la reinfección en el sistema de conductosradiculares. Una de las fases de la terapia endodóntica que permite laobtención de dichos objetivos es la obturación de los conductos radiculares;esto significa rellenarlos con un material inerte de la manera más hermética posible y un cemento que permita estimular el proceso de reparación apical y periapical. Los microorganismos pueden permanecer en el sistema de conductos radiculares inclusive después de los procesos de instrumentación e irrigación porque pueden presentar una anatomía compleja. En endodoncia, una de las propiedades deseadas en los cementos endodónticos es la acción antimicrobiana, para eliminar las bacterias resistentes. Los cementos a base de hidróxido de calcio son utilizados debido a su acción antimicrobiana y degradación deendotoxinas, entre otras propiedades. Estas premisas nos llevan a larealización de este trabajo, teniendo como objetivo evaluar la actividadantimicrobiana y la biocompatibilidad que presentan los cementos endodónticos a base de hidróxido de calcio a través de una revisión deliteratura. Después de la revisión podemos concluir que los cementosa base de hidróxido de calcio poseen biocompatibilidad y actividad antimicrobiana contra diversos tipos de microorganismos; sin embargo, pueden tener sus propiedades biológicas alteradas dependiendo de la etodología utilizada y del tiempo de aplicación.

One of the aims of endodontics is to eliminate microorganisms and prevent reinfection in the root-canal system. To achieve this, one of the procedures performed in endodontic therapy is the sealing of the root canals. This implies fi lling the root canal with as hermetic an inert material as possible and a sealer that encourages the process of apical and periapical repair. Microorganisms can remain in the root-canal system even after biomechanical preparation and irrigation, as they may have a complex anatomy. In endodontics, one of the desired properties of an endodontic sealer is antimicrobial activity to eliminate resistant bacteria. Calcium hydroxide-based sealers are used due to their antimicrobial activity and role in endotoxin degradation, among other properties. These were the premises that gave rise to this study, which aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibil-ity exhibited by a calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealer based on a review of the literature. As a result of this review, we were able to conclude that while calcium hydroxide-based sealers do display biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, their biological properties can vary depending on the method used and the time of application.

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP) - Part 5: Institutional outcomes assessment and the role of the Laboratory of Physiology

The Laboratory of Physiology provides support for the diagnosis of functional disorders associated with cleft lip and palate and also conducts studies to assess, objectively, the institutional outcomes, as recommended by the World Health Organization. The Laboratory is conceptually divided into three units, namely the Unit for Upper Airway Studies, Unit for Stomatognathic System Studies and the Unit for Sleep Studies, which aims at analyzing the impact of different surgical and dental procedures on the upper airways, stomatognathic system and the quality of sleep of individuals with cleft lip and palate. This paper describes the main goals of the Laboratory in the assessment of procedures which constitute the basis of the rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate, i.e., Plastic Surgery, Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery and Speech Pathology.

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP) Part 4: Oral Rehabilitation

Treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate is completed with fixed prostheses, removable, total, implants and aims to restore aesthetics, phonetics and function and should be guided by the basic principles of oral rehabilitation, such as physiology, stability, aesthetics, hygiene and the expectations of the patient. In order to obtain longevity of a prosthetic rehabilitation, the periodontal and dental tissue as well as the biomechanics of the prosthesis are to be respected. The purpose of this article is to describe the types of prosthetics treatment, which are performed at HRAC/USP for the rehabilitation of cleft area in adult patients.

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - part 3: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

This paper presents the treatment protocol of maxillofacial surgery in the rehabilitation process of cleft lip and palate patients adopted at HRAC-USP. Maxillofacial surgeons are responsible for the accomplishment of two main procedures, alveolar bone graft surgery and orthognathic surgery. The primary objective of alveolar bone graft is to provide bone tissue for the cleft site and then allow orthodontic movements for the establishment of an an adequate occlusion. When performed before the eruption of the maxillary permanent canine, it presents high rates of success. Orthognathic surgery aims at correcting maxillomandibular discrepancies, especially anteroposterior maxillary deficiencies, commonly observed in cleft lip and palate patients, for the achievement of a functional occlusion combined with a balanced face.

Nursing habits in cleft lip and palate children

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate anomalies are malformations that affect patients causing some alterations. These alterations can compromise maternal nursing and lead to early introduction of bottle feeding and sugar in the diet of cleft lip and palate infants, compromising their oral health and the surgical/rehabilitation process. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nursing habits and the use of baby bottles in a group of cleft lip and palate infants. Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty nine mothers of cleft lip and palate infants in the age range from 6 to 36 months enrolled in the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP/Bauru were interviewed. It was obtained data on family socioeconomic characteristics as well as mother educational level using the patient’s file. Using a pre-structured questionnaire accomplished always by the same interviewer, information on natural and artificial nursing pattern was obtained.Results: Only 21.4% of the mothers accomplished breastfed their babies. 98.25% of mothers used bottle feeding with milk and other sucrose liquids at one to ten times frequency. Nocturnal nursing habit was verified in 59.38% of total sample.Conclusion: Cleft lip and palate infants presented inadequate nursing habits in relation to both the content and the frequency ingestion, suggesting the need of a multidisciplinary guidance and following-up of infants during this age range.

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP) - Part 1: overall aspects

Cleft lip and palate is the most common among craniofacial malformations and causes several esthetic and functional implications that require rehabilitation. This paper aims to generally describe the several aspects related to this complex pathology and the treatment protocol used by the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP) along 40 years of experience in the treatment of individuals with cleft lip and palate.

Triagem de mutação no éxon 3 do gene IRF6 em indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina e agenesia dentária: padronização de protocolo para seqüenciamento de DNA genômico a partir de saliva / Screening of mutation in IRF6 gene of subjects with cleft lip and palate and tooth agenesis: protocol standardization for sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from saliva

A fissura labiopalatina e a agenesia dentária são consideradas alterações do desenvolvimento embrionário. Esses fenótipos ocorrem em decorrência da interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais, caracterizando um padrão de herança multifatorial. Entre os genes candidatos a esses fenótipos destaca-se o IRF6. Para esses estudos genéticos podem ser usadas diferentes metodologias, dentre elas o seqüenciamento direto. A proposta deste estudo foi primeiramente padronizar um protocolo para seqüenciamento direto de DNA genômico a partir de saliva e então investigar mutações ou polimorfismos no éxon 3 do gene IRF6 em indivíduos com fissura de lábio e palato unilateral não-sindrômica e agenesia dentária. Fizeram parte do estudo 120 voluntários distribuídos em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 30 indivíduos com fissura e agenesia dentária; Grupo 2 - 30 indivíduos somente com fissura; Grupo 3 - 30 indivíduos somente com agenesia dentária e Grupo 4 - Controle. Para análise do éxon 3 do gene IRF6 foi coletada saliva, e a partir desse material foram testados três protocolos para extração de DNA genômico. Além disso, durante a padronização do protocolo para seqüenciamento direto foram avaliadas metodologias diferentes para outras três etapas da preparação das amostras: purificação do produto de PCR, otimização na utilização do BigDye® v3.1 Terminator na reação de seqüenciamento e purificação do produto da reação de seqüenciamento. As amostras foram seqüenciadas em Analisador Genético ABI 3130XL e os resultados analisados por meio de programas de computador específicos. Foram pesquisadas, nos eletroferogramas referentes ao éxon 3 do gene IRF6, variações nas seqüências de cada indivíduo. Os resultados mostraram que o protocolo de extração de DNA a partir de saliva utilizando InstaGeneTM Matrix associado à proteinase K e dodecil sulfato de sódio 1% foi o que apresentou melhores resultados na quantidade e qualidade do DNA extraído. Em relação à purificação do produto de PCR, o método de...

Cleft lip and palate and tooth agenesis are considered changes in embryonic development. These phenotypes occur as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, suggesting a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Among the candidate genes for these phenotypes IRF6 appears as one of the most important. Direct sequencing, among other techniques, can be used to perform such genetic studies. The aim of this study was to standardize a protocol for direct sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from whole saliva to allow further search of mutations or polymorphisms in exon 3 of IRF6 gene in individuals with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate and tooth agenesis. Volunteers were 120 subjects divided into four groups: Group 1 - 30 individuals with tooth agenesis and cleft, Group 2 - 30 individuals with cleft only, Group 3 - 30 individuals with tooth agenesis only, and Group 4 - Control. For the analysis of the exon 3 of IRF6 gene, saliva was collected to test three protocols for the extraction of genomic DNA. Additionally, during the protocol standardization for direct sequencing, different methodologies for the other three steps of sample preparation were evaluated: purification of PCR product, optimization of the use of BigDye® v3.1 Terminator, and purification of the sequencing product. The samples were sequenced on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer, and the results were analyzed using specific softwares. Heterozygous and homozygous variations in the sequences of the exon 3 of IRF6 gene of each individual were searched in the electropherograms. The results showed that the protocol for DNA extraction from saliva using InstageneTM Matrix associated with proteinase K and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the best results in the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA. As far as the purification of the PCR product, the method of choice was the purification in specific columns. BigDye® v3.1 was used with success in a volume 2 L per reaction, and the purification...

Fluoride concentrations in industrialized beverages consumed by children in the city of Bauru, Brazil

The increasing consumption of juices, soft drinks and teas among children has increased significantly fluoride ingestion at the age range of risk for development of dental fluorosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluoride concentrations in some brands of industrialized beverages consumed by children in the city of Bauru, SP, Brazil. Material and Methods: 98 brands of beverages were analyzed, divided into 3 lots, comprising 36, 32 and 30 brands, respectively, for the first, second and third lots. Fluoride concentrations were determined by HMDS-facilitated diffusion, using a fluoride ion-specific electrode (Orion 9409). Results: Fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.04 and 1.76 µg F/mL. It was observed a wide variation in fluoride concentrations among the different brands, as well as the different lots of the same brand. There was no information on fluoride concentrations on the labels of any product. Conclusions: Some of the products analyzed could contribute significantly to the total fluoride intake and, thus, be important risk factors for development of dental fluorosis, which indicates the need of controlling the production of these beverages with respect to fluoride concentration.

Oral findings in patients with Apert Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: The Apert syndrome is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene at locus 10q26; patients with this syndrome present severe syndactyly, exophthalmia, ocular hypertelorism and hypoplastic midface with Class III malocclusion, besides systemic alterations. Most investigations available on the Apert syndrome address the genetic aspect or surgical management, with little emphasis on the oral aspects. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the oral findings, including dental anomalies, ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molars and soft tissue alterations, in subjects with Apert syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: clinical and radiographic examination of nine patients with Apert syndrome, aged 6 to 15 years, not previously submitted to orthodontic or orthognathic treatment. RESULTS: dental anomalies were present in all patients, with one to eight anomalies per individual. The most frequent anomalies were tooth agenesis, mainly affecting maxillary canines, and enamel opacities (44.4 percent for both). Ectopic eruption of maxillary first molars was found in 33.3 percent of patients; lateral palatal swellings were observed in 88.8 percent of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of typical lateral palatal swellings agrees with the literature. The high prevalence of dental anomalies and ectopic eruption may suggest a possible etiologic relationship with the syndrome.

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Apert é um distúrbio raro de herança autossômica dominante causado por mutações no lócus 10q26 do gene FGFR2; pacientes com esta síndrome apresentam sindactilia severa, exoftalmia, hiperteleorbitismo e hipoplasia da face média com má oclusão de Classe III, além de alterações sistêmicas. A maior parte dos estudos disponíveis sobre a síndrome de Apert aborda o aspecto genético ou manejo cirúrgico, com pouca ênfase nos aspectos bucais. OBJETIVO: investigar os achados bucais, incluindo anomalias dentárias, irrupção ectópica dos primeiros molares permanentes superiores e alterações de tecido mole, em indivíduos com síndrome de Apert. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: exame clínico e radiográfico de nove pacientes com síndrome de Apert, de 6 a 15 anos de idade, não anteriormente submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico ou ortognático. RESULTADOS: anomalias dentárias estavam presentes em todos os pacientes, com uma a oito anomalias por indivíduo. As anomalias mais freqüentes foram agenesia dentária, principalmente afetando os caninos superiores, e opacidades de esmalte (44,4 por cento para ambos). Foi observada irrupção ectópica dos primeiros molares superiores em 33,3 por cento dos pacientes; foram observados aumentos volumétricos laterais da mucosa palatina em 88,8 por cento dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: a ocorrência de aumentos volumétricos laterais típicos da mucosa palatina concorda com a literatura. A alta prevalência de anomalias dentárias e irrupção ectópica pode sugerir uma possível relação etiológica com a síndrome.

Fissura completa bilateral: características morfológicas / Bilateral cleft lip and palate: morphological caracteristics

A fissura labiopalatina é uma malformação congênita que ocorre no períodoembrionário e envolve os processos faciais e palatinos. No Brasil acomete um a cada 650 nascidosvivos. A reabilitação e o prognóstico do tratamento dependem da amplitude da fissura, do tamanhodos segmentos ósseos e da posição que guardam entre si. As fissuras completas bilaterais são aforma mais grave e extensa desta anomalia e apresentam uma prevalência entre 14 e 18%. Essetipo de malformação divide a maxila em três segmentos distintos: dois palatinos e um central,também chamado de pré-maxila. O segmento anterior é independente dos outros e está ligadosomente à extremidade anterior do septo nasal. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as diferentesposições que esses segmentos guardam entre si e no que esse posicionamento pode interferir noprognóstico de reabilitação

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation that occurs in the embryonicperiod and affects the facial and palatal processes. In Brazil, it affects 1 out of every 650 livebirths.Rehabilitation and prognosis depend on the amplitude of the cleft, size of the bone segmentsand their position to each other. The bilateral complete clefts are the most severe and extensivetype of cleft and affect 14 to 18% of all patients with clefts. This type of malformation dividesthe maxilla into three separated segments, namely two palatal segments and one central segmentcalled premaxilla. The anterior segment is independent of the others and is only attached to theanterior end of the nasal septum. The aim of this paper is to describe the different positions thesesegments may present to each other, which may be close with contact, aligned without contactor close and collapsed

Anodontia parcial congênita em paciente com fissura labiopalatal: relato de caso clínico / Congenital partial anodontia in cleft lip and palate patient: case report

A anodontia congênita pode ser total, quase sempre, associada à Sindrome da Displasia Ectodérmica, ou parcial, acarrentando, em ambos os casos, comprometimento estético e funcional ao paciente. Frequentemente, acomete a dentição permanente e apresenta-se como uma característica rara na dentição decídua. A etiologia da agenesia é atribuída a fatores predominantemente genéticos, mas alguns casos estão relacionados a alterações locais, como trauma ou irradiação, sendo possível a manifestação uni ou bilateral. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de paciente com fissura labiopalatina com anodontia parcial na dentição decídua, provavelmente de etiologia genética.

Manejo do comportamento infantil no consultório odontológico - relato de caso clínico / Child behavior management in the dental office - case report

Para realização de um tratamento odontológico adequado e seguro, é fundamental o controle do comportamento do paciente infantil. Na maioria dos casos, é possível conduzir crianças apreensivas e medrosas sem o uso de medicação. Para isso, é imprescindível que o profissional que atende crianças conheça o desenvolvimento psicológico infantil e seu contexto familiar, e que também tenha o domínio das técnicas de manejo de comportamento, aplicando-as adequadamente durante o atendimento. As técnicas não-farmacológicas de controle de comportamento mais utilizadas são: falar-mostrar-fazer, reforço positivo, controle de voz, distração, comunicação não-verbal, contenção física e técnica da mão-sobre-a-boca. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever estas técnicas e suas indicações, bem como sua aplicação em um caso clínico

Indice de placa y orientación sobre los métodos de higiene bucal en bebés portadores de fisura de labio y/o paladar / Plaque index and instructions on the methods of oral hygiene in babies carrying cleft lip and/or palate

El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar a través de un cuestionario el grado de conocimiento que presentan los padres, sobre los cuidados de la salud oral, y por medio del examen clínico determinar el índice de placa (PHP modificado) en 32 bebés portadores de fisura de labio y/o paladar, con edades entre los 7 y 28 meses. Posteriormente se realizó una orientación sobre los métodos de higiene bucal, después de 6 meses fue aplicado un nuevo cuestionario para verificar el grado de retención de los conocimientos suministrados durante la primera visita, siendo reevaluado el índice de placa de los bebés. Los resultados obtenidos en la segunda visita indicaron un mejor entendimiento de los padres sobre el asunto y una disminución estadísticamente significante en el índice de la placa dental de los bebés, demostrando la importancia de suministrar precozmente las informaciones y hacer las demostraciones de las técnicas de la higienización sobre los cuidados con la salud bucal

Análise radiográfica das angulaçöes dentárias dos incisivos centaris permanentes em postadores de fissura completa unilateral de lábio e palato / Radiographic analysis of the dental angulations upper central incisors permanent in patient with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate

Analisou-se a angulaçäo dentária dos incisivos centrais permanentes em pacientes portadores de fissura completa unilateral de lábio e palato para uma melhor orientaçäo dos profissionais que trabalham com esta anomalia. Encontrou-se a angulaçäo média invertida de -19,07º e -22,16º para o incisivo central do lado fissurado respectivamente para os sexos masculino e feminino, com diferença estatisticamente significante, médias quando comparado com o incisivo do lado näo fissurado. Neste último, os valores de 5,84º e 7,91º, para os grupos masculino e feminino, respectivamente assemelharam-se à angulaçäo de incisivos considerada normal